When we write, we often use the word “thus” to show a result or a conclusion. However, many people get confused about whether to put a comma after “thus.” Let’s simplify the rules and look at when you should and shouldn’t use a comma with “thus.” We’ll explore different scenarios with examples to make it easier to understand.
Rule 1: Connecting Independent Clauses
When “thus” is used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences that could stand alone), you should use a comma before “thus.”
Correct Usage
- Example 1: “He did not study for the exam, thus, he failed.”
- Example 2: “The company expanded too quickly, thus, it faced financial difficulties.”
Incorrect Usage
- Example 1: “He did not study for the exam thus he failed.”
- Example 2: “The company expanded too quickly thus it faced financial difficulties.”
Rule 2: Beginning a Sentence
When “thus” starts a sentence, it usually doesn’t need a comma after it. However, if “thus” is followed by an introductory phrase, then a comma should be used.
Correct Usage
- Example 1: “Thus, the project was completed on time.”
- Example 2: “Thus, after much consideration, we decided to move forward.”
Incorrect Usage
- Example 1: “Thus the project was completed on time.”
- Example 2: “Thus after much consideration, we decided to move forward.”
Rule 3: Indicating a Degree or Manner
When “thus” is used to indicate a degree or manner and is part of the main clause, it usually does not require a comma.
Correct Usage
- Example 1: “She spoke thus ensuring everyone understood.”
- Example 2: “He acted thus to avoid any conflict.”
Incorrect Usage
- Example 1: “She spoke, thus ensuring everyone understood.”
- Example 2: “He acted, thus to avoid any conflict.”
Read More: Do We Put a Comma Before “Where”?
Rule 4: Before Examples or Explanations
When “thus” introduces an example or an explanation, it should be preceded by a comma.
Correct Usage
- Example 1: “There are many ways to achieve this, thus, for instance, we can start by reducing costs.”
- Example 2: “Many factors contribute to this decision, thus, for example, the current market trends.”
Incorrect Usage
- Example 1: “There are many ways to achieve this thus for instance we can start by reducing costs.”
- Example 2: “Many factors contribute to this decision thus for example the current market trends.”
Rule 5: In a List
When “thus” is part of a list, the use of commas depends on its position in the list and the stylistic choices for listing items.
Correct Usage
- Example 1: “We need to focus on quality, efficiency, and, thus, customer satisfaction.”
- Example 2: “Our goals are to increase revenue, decrease expenses, and, thus, improve profit margins.”
Incorrect Usage
- Example 1: “We need to focus on quality, efficiency and thus customer satisfaction.”
- Example 2: “Our goals are to increase revenue, decrease expenses and thus improve profit margins.”
Understanding when and how to use commas with “thus” can greatly improve the clarity and professionalism of your writing. Remember, the key is to consider how “thus” is being used in the sentence: as a connector of independent clauses, to start a sentence, to indicate manner or degree, before examples or explanations, or as part of a list. Keep these rules in mind, and your writing will be clear and effective.
Dariel Campbell is currently an English instructor at a university. She has experience in teaching and assessing English tests including TOEFL, IELTS, BULATS, FCE, CAE, and PTEG. With over a decade of teaching expertise, Dariel Campbell utilizes his knowledge to develop English lessons for her audience on English Overview.
